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Foca is a district, as well as the center town of that district, in Turkey's Izmir Province.The town of Foca is situated at
about 69 km north by northwest of Izmir city center and the ancient city of Phocaea was also located here. The district also
has a township with own municipality named Yenifoça (literally "the new Foca"), also along the shore and at a distance of 20 km
from Foca proper. Many parts of the district are under strict environmental protection, due to the value of the flora and the
fauna, and the beauty of the small bays and coves, especially between Foca and Yenifoca. Therefore, a judicious way to get to
know the district would be by boat tours regularly organized in partance of the center town. Because of the protective measures,
new constructions are not permitted in many parts of the district and Foça is set to preserve its unique characteristic as
composed principally of old houses.Pass 23 km north Eski (Old) Foca, there is Yeni (New) Foca town, which has many summer houses.
It was originally settled by Genoese who built a naval base here and called it Niyez Fokez or Phokainova, but today it's a m
odern summer resort for local people and doesn't offer much to foreign visitors.Phokaia was one of the 12 Ionian cities at the
most northern part of the Aeolian region. Its name was mentioned in Homer's epic The Odyssey with the Sirens' Rocks. First
inhabitants of Old Foca were immigrants from Greece around 9th century BC who escaped from Doric invasion.The city had two harbors
and a very strong fleet which sailed all the way to the Adriatic and Spain to establish colonies such as; Emporion (Ampurias) in
Spain, Alalia in Corsica, Velia in southern Italy, Massalia (modern Marseilles) in France, Lampsakos at the Dardanelles, and Amisos
(modern Samsun) on the Black Sea. According to Herodotus, the world's first historian, Phocaeans were good sailors and traveled long
distances with fast ships holding a capacity of 500 passengers, traded with Egypt, minted electrum (a mixture of gold and silver)
coins etc. After Miletos, Phokaia became a very important port city on the Aegean.In the 6th century BC the city was captured by
Persians advancing in Asia Minor destroying the Lydians. Phokaia lost its strength and most of its population under the Persian rule.
Joined into the Ionian Revolt at Lade against Persian domination, they regained their freedom. The city became a member of the Delian
League during the 5th century BC, but than rebelled and left it, allying with the Athenians. Phokaia existed, but with less importance,
during the reign of Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic period. The city was destroyed of big earthquakes during the Roman rule in
the 1st century BC. During the Byzantine and Ottoman periods the city was a small fishermen town. Cobblestones and turquoise shores
Eski Foca (Old Foca) is synonymous with Mediterranean monk seals, turquoise bays and old stone houses. Since ancient times,
Mediterranean monk seals have made Foca their home. Indeed, the name Foca is derived from the ancient Phokaia, which means "town of
seals". Appropriately enough, a statue of a seal in the town square is one of the first sights to greet you as you enter Eski Foca.
Foca's quiet coves also attract their fair share of tourists. Before you set off to explore the town, pick up a few brochures from
the tourist information office. From there, wander through the cobblestone streets of the market towards Kucukdeniz. With its ancient
stone houses, fish restaurants and colourful fishermen's boats bobbing in the harbour, Kucukdeniz is the heart of Eski Foca. Take a
moment to notice the interesting knockers on the doors to the stone houses decked with hanging flowerpots. Most of Foca's small hotels
and pensions are in Kucukdeniz, only steps away from its charming beach and blue Aegean waters. Windmills Swimming out from the beach,
you get a wonderful view of Foca from the sea. The mountains behind the town are covered in olive groves.Foca is made up of two coves:
Buyukdeniz (Big Sea) and Kuçukdeniz (Small Sea). Contrary to your expectations, Büyükdeniz" the larger of the two coves'is quieter and
calmer than Kucukdeniz. A good way to get a feel for the town is to walk from Kucukdeniz to Buyukdeniz. Foca's landmarks include
Beskapilar"the boathouse of the Ottoman Castle"the Ottoman City Walls and the Kibele amphitheatre.
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