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Ayvalik is a district in Turkey's Balikesir Province on the Aegean Sea coast, facing the Greek island of Lesbos.
It is situated on a narrow coastal plain surrounded by low hills to the east which are covered with pine and olive trees.
Ayvalik is also surrounded by numerous islets on the sea and by a narrow peninsula in the south named Hakkibey Peninsula.
Ayvalik is the southernmost district of Balikesir. Gömeç, Burhaniye and Edremit are other districts of Balikesir Province
which are situated on the Aegean shores and they are lined up respectively to the north. The region is under the influence
of a typical Mediterranean climate with mild and rainy winters and hot, dry summers.
Ayvalik is first of all known for its pretty beaches and the best fish of the country. You will keep long souvenirs of eaten
fish at the harbor with sunset in the background. Old Ayvalik has more the aspect of a Greek rather than a Turkish village :
winding streets with wooden houses which are unfortunately not being renovated.
Surrounded by groves of olive trees which produce much of Turkey's best olive oil, Ayvalik ("Quince Orchard", pop. 30,000)
has an interesting history. After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the Ottoman Greeks of Ayvalik moved to Greece, and Turkish
citizens of Greece moved to Ayvalik. Thus, even after the Greeks left, you could still hear Greek spoken in the streets of Ayvalik,
although the speakers were Turkish Muslims (who had grown up in Greece).Ayvalik has many old Ottoman Greek houses,
and orthodox churches now converted to mosques. Turkish tourists throng the many waterside open-air restaurants in summer, or
take the ferry across the bay to Alibey Island where there are even more good waterside restaurants and tavernas. Dining,
relaxing, swimming and boating are the things to do in summer.Western Turkey is the most visited and economically developed
part of the country. Istanbul , straddling the Bosphorus straits and the Marmara coast, is a heady mix of the Oriental and
state-of-the-art modern. It's the country's cultural and commercial centre and also visibly the old imperial capital, and would
take months of exploration to truly do it justice. Flanking Istanbul on opposite sides of the Sea of Marmara are the two earlier
Ottoman capitals, Bursa and Edirne, and the former Byzantine capital of Iznik , with, just beyond, the World War I battlefields
of the Dardanelles . Moving south, on the Aegean Coast small country towns like Ayvalik are swathed in olive groves, while the
area is littered with ancient sites like Assos, Bergama and Ephesus , which have been a magnet for travellers since the eighteenth
century. Beyond the functional but not unattractive city of Izmir , the Aegean coast is Turkey at its most developed, with large
numbers of visitors drawn to resorts like Çesme , Bodrum and Marmaris , beyond which the Mediterranean coast begins. There are r
emnants of the Lycians at Xanthos , and more resorts in Kas and Fethiye , along the aptly named "Turquoise Coast". Kemal defines
the new Turkey as a secular republic, based on the indirect will of its people, on a Turkish national feeling and on governmental
influence on the economy. All these changes were to be implemented immediately.
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